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Do Dense 5G Networks Increase Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields?

 
 
 
 
The debate over whether electromagnetic fields (EMFs) exposure poses a danger to human health is recurring and goes back centuries to when our society first began to rely on electricity [1].

The advent of wireless cellular networks, a few decades ago, further fueled such a controversy. Traditionally, citizens have complained against the installation of base station sites, especially when in close proximity to their homes, despite the fact that no clear causal correlation between legally compliant exposure levels from cellular towers and health diseases has been scientifically demonstrated to date [2].

Yet, that dispute has recently reached new heights with the ongoing deployment of 5G antennas in the era of social media. Online communities made up of avid opponents against 5G networks have appeared in several countries and, in some cases, have even been responsible for violent reactions, such as arson attacks on base station sites [3]. Why is it that the debate about the danger of 5G has so fiercely resumed? One important reason lies in the expected increase in the number of distributed (small) base station sites—almost a 10× factor in the next half a dozen years (see the predictions from wireless communications industry [4]).

On the one hand, antenna densification is a key step toward supporting new services that require huge throughput, very low latency, and effective coverage of high-density user areas, including residential districts, shopping malls, airports, train/bus stations, and so on. However, on the other hand, quoting one among the many Stop-5G sites [5], 5G requires significantly more cell towers, which will increase involuntary exposure to wireless radiation in our communities.

This allegation is supported by apparently straightforward and intuitive reasoning: each base station is a source of radiation; densification implies installing a huge number of base stations; therefore, dense 5G networks notably increase radiation over the territory. However, intuition eventually suggests that it should be quite the opposite! For an extreme analogy, when listening to music in a large park, would you really prefer to be in the vicinity of one large, extremely loud amplifier that is designed to cover the entire area, or rather walk through multiple small speakers scattered capillary throughout the park?

The goal of the article is to shed some light on this matter and show that the whole densification debate is ill-poised. We use very simple (but still quantitative) arguments—designed to be understandable also by the reader with basic knowledge of wireless networks. In the next sections, we will specifically address the following questions.

 

Q1: What is cellular densification and why is needed by 5G?

Q2: How does 5G densification change our understanding of exposure?

Q3: How does 5G densification affect exposure over the territory?

Q4: Which is the impact of 5G densification on exposure at selected locations (e.g., in close proximity to the base station and/or and at the cell edge)?

Q5: How does 5G densification affect exposure to the population?

 

The reader interested in more in-depth insights may refer to Section VI, which clarifies why antenna densification is also instrumental in reducing exposure from other 5G-specific features (such as mm-Wave frequencies, beamforming, and massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) device deployment) and how 5G densification is implemented in commercial networks. Moreover, we report in the Appendix a technical overview of our methodology, including a detailed description on how to reproduce our results. Read more at:

Do Dense 5G Networks Increase Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields?

TACS: Will 5G Be Bad for Our Health?

 

 
 

About TACS

 
   
   

TACS is Pioneer and Innovator of many Communication Signal Processors, Optical Modems, Radio Modems, 5G Modems, 6G Modems, Satellite Modems, PSTN Modems, Cable Modems, PLC Modems, and more..

TACS consultants are the first inventors of fixed or mobile packet radio structures in the world.

 

 
   

 

 
 

TACS is a leading top consultancy in the field of information, communication and energy technologies (ICET).

The heart of our consulting spectrum comprises strategic, organizational, and technology-intensive tasks that arise from the use of new information, communication and energy technologies. 
 
The major emphasis in our work is found in innovative consulting and implementation solutions which result from the use of modern information, communication and energy technologies.

 

 
   
   
   

TACS 

  • Delivers the insight and vision on technology for strategic decisions
  • Drives innovations forward as part of our service offerings to customers worldwide 
  • Conceives integral solutions on the basis of our integrated business and technological competence in the ICET sector 
  • Assesses technologies and standards and develops architectures for fixed or mobile, wired or wireless communications systems and networks
  • Provides the energy and experience of world-wide leading innovators and experts in their fields for local, national or large-scale international projects.

   
 
   
 
 

 


 

   
 

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Last modified: September 20, 2023